EV Industry

Eight Configuration Types of Heavy Duty Truck E-Axle Global trends in the development of electric drive systems for new energy vehicles indicate a clear shift towards the integration and unification of powertrain components. Leading automotive manufacturers, including Tesla, General Motors, FAW, Dongfeng, and Geely, are icnreasingly focusing on consolidating key elements such as the drive motor, motor controller, and reducer into integrated electric drive assemblies as a strategic priority for future development. This trend is particularly relevant to the electric drive axles used in heavy-duty trucks, offering significant advantages in terms of enhanced system efficiency, reduced size and weight, lower costs, and streamlined mass production.  Here’re eight main configuration types for the heavy duty truck e-axle. 1. Single motor, 2-speed parallel axis configuration Features: 4-shaft, 3-stage reduction, AMT The 2-speed gearbox balances low-speed, high torque for starting and maximum motor speed at top vehicle speeds. Issues: Power interruption occurs during gear shifting with the AMT 2. Single motor, 3-speed parallel axis configuration Features: 3-shaft, 3-stage reduction, AMT The 3-speed gearbox balances low-speed, high torque for starting and maximum motor speed at top vehicle speeds. Issues: Power interruption occurs during gear shifting with the AMT 3. Single motor, 4-speed parallel axis configuration Features: 5-shaft, 4-stage reduction, AMT The 4-speed electric drive axle completely resolves the conflict between motor torque and speed. Issues: The transmission mechanism is overly complex. Power interruption still occurs during gear shifting. 4. Dual motor, single-speed parallel axis configuration Features: Dual 4-shaft, 3-stage reduction, shared differential Resolves the power interruption issue Issues: Narrow high-efficiency range and poor adaptability to varying operating conditions 5. Dual motor, 2-speed parallel axis configuration Features: Dual 3-shaft, 3-stage reduction, shared mechanical differential By replacing one large motor with two smaller motors, this configuration reduces energy consumption and saves costs 6. Dual motor, dual 2-speed parallel axis configuration Features: Dual 4-shaft, 3-stage reduction, shared mechanical differential Resolves the power interruption issue during AMT gear shifting 7. Distributed single-speed parallel axis configuration Features: Dual 4-shaft, 3-stage reduction, no mechanical differential Improves transmission efficiency Saves chassis space Enhances vehicle performance and stability 8. Distributed wheel-end reduction configuration Features: Dual 3-stage reduction, no mechanical differential Improves transmission efficiency Saves chassis space Enhances vehicle performance and stability Our Distributed Heavy-Duty Truck E-Axle Our distributed electric axle for heavy-duty truck features a powerful dual-motor design, delivering up to 360 kW of output power and over 50,000 N.m of torque. With its distributed drive architecture, the e-axle for trucks ensures uninterrupted power during gear shifts while adding an extra layer of safety redundancy. Designed for demanding applications, it is compatible with a wide range of (hybrid) electric vehicles, such as trucks, buses, coaches, tractors, trailers, trains, etc., offering a robust, cost-effective, and high-performance solution for OEMs. Download Brochure Contact Us Get in touch with us by sending us an email, using the Whatsapp number below, or filling in the form below. We usually reply within 2 business days. Email: contact@brogenevsolution.com Respond within 1 business day Whatsapp: +8619352173376 Business hours: 9 am to 6 pm, GMT+8, Mon. to Fri. LinkedIn channel Follow us for regular updates > YouTube channel Ev systems introduction & industry insights > ContactFill in the form and we will get in touch with you within 2 business days.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form. Name * FirstLast Work Email *Company Name *Your Project Type *– Please select –Car, SUV, MPVBus, coach, trainLCV (pickup truck, light-duty truck, etc.)HCV (heavy-duty truck, tractor, trailer, concrete mixer, etc.)Construction machinery (excavator, forklift, crane, bulldozer, loader, etc.)Vessel, boat, ship, yacht, etc.Others (please write it in the note)Your Interested Solutions *– Please select –Motore-AxleBatteryChassisAuxiliary inverterOBC / DCDC / PDUAir brake compressorEPS / EHPS / SbW / eRCBBTMSOthers (please write it in the note)Do you have other contact info? (Whatsapp, Wechat, Skype, etc.)Please introduce your project and your request here. * Checkbox * I consent to receive updates on products and events from Brogen, and give consent based on Brogen’s Privacy Policy. Submit

Choosing the Best GSE Batteries: The Key to Efficient and Sustainable Airport Ground Support Equipment Electrification The Significance of Electrification for Airport Ground Support Equipment (GSE) The electrification of airport ground support equipment (GSE) plays a crucial role in advancing sustainability, reducing emissions, and enhancing operational efficiency at airports. One of the most significant benefits of electrication is zero emissions, leading to cleaner air around airports and contributing to global environmental goals. Additionally, electric GSE reduces noise pollution, which is particularly important in densely populated areas near airports. The safety of energy use is also greatly improved, with electric equipment offering enhanced security compared to traditional fuel-based counterparts. In terms of operational efficiency, electrification boosts both energy conversion efficiency and overall airport productivity. By transitioning to electric ground support equipment, airports can achieve not only better performance from individual equipment but also streamline the entire airport operation. The reduced workload for ground crews, coupled with the ease of integrating intelligent systems, accelerates the automotion of airport processes. Overall, electrifying airport ground support equipment ensures environmental benefits, enhances energy security, and improves the overall efficiency of airport operations while pushing forward the integration of smarter, more automated systems. How to Choose the Best GSE Batteries When selecting batteries for electric ground support equipment, it’s essential to understand the specific requirements for these devices. This selection process presents challenges, as airport operations prioritize safety, especially in civil aviation. The safety standards for airport GSE must exceed those required for road vehicles, given the critical nature of airport operations. The reliability of these batteries is also vital – minimizing failure rates is essential to maintaining high fleet availability. Furthermore, airport GSE batteries must be durable, with long lifespans that can withstand the diverse environmental conditions in which these vehicles operate, from extreme temperatures to high humidity levels. The batteries should also be cost-effective, easy to deploy, and capable of fast delivery. For these requirements, safety is paramount. The battery itself must ensure the safety of the equipment and, ultimately, the safety of airport personnel. With this in mnd, we design our battery systems based on four key dimensions of safety: mechanical, electrical, chemical, and functional. This comprehensive approach guarantees that every battery system provides full protection of both the equipment and operators. Our battery factory – production line In terms of improving reliability, we focus on enhancing the lifespan and durability of lithium-ion batteries, using advanced engineering methods to minimize the failure rates throughout the battery’s lifecycle. Innovations in materials, such as optimized cathodes and anodes, as well as the development of advanced manufacturing processes, significantly reduce the risk of mechanical and chemical degradation, thus extending battery life. Additionally, batteries used in airport GSE are designed with features like IP67, IP68, and IP69K ratings, which provide effective moisture and dust protection. High-performance thermal management ensures the battery can operate within a broad temperature range, making it ideal for various environmental conditions found at airports worldwide. Our battery factory – standardized battery modules and packs One major challenge for airport GSE electrification is the relatively small scale of the equipment compared to road vehicles, leading to a greater variety of types and applications. To control costs and reduce development time, we have adopted a standardized solution approach. This includes the use of standardized battery modules and packs to meet the diverse needs of airport ground support equipment. Such a solution ensures that the system is both cost-effective and market-proven,while also offering the flexibility for small-batch, multi-type production. These standardized solutions will significantly support the sustainable development of airport GSE electrification. Choosing the Right Chemical System for Airport GSE Batteries When selecting the chemical system for electric GSE batteries, several factors must be considered. Unlike traditional batteries, lithium-ion batteries for GSE incorporate a complex integration of chemistry, electrical systems, mechanics, and thermal management, creating a highly sophisticated system. To evaluate the performance of these batteries, it’s necessary to assess all these aspects, rather than just focusing on individual material properties. Among the different types of lithium-ion batteries, LiFePo4 (Lithium Iron Phosphate) batteries stand out as the safest and most reliable option for airport GSE. This is primarily due to their stable olivine structure, which ensures that the temperature rise during thermal runaway is slower than that of other battery types. For exmaple, in the event of thermal runaway, LiFePO4 batteries emit smoke but do not catch fire, unlike NCM (Nickel Cobalt Manganese) batteris, which can rapidly accelerate combustion when exposed to heat. Additionally, LiFePO4 batteries offer superior cycle life, with some models reaching up to 4,000 charge cycles. This long lifespan significantly reduces the cost of ownership and increases the reliability of the battery over time. They are also capable of withstanding high temperatures – up to 65°C – and do not contain heavy metals or harmful pollutants, making them a highly eco-friendly choice for airport GSE. In contrast, NCM batteries are more energy-dense but have lower thermal stability, making them less suitable for use in high-temperature environments, such as those encountered in airport ground operations. Moreover, LiFePO4 batteries are less expensive than NCM batteries and are more widely available, ensuring stable material supply and cost reductions over time. Advantages of Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFePO4) Batteries for Airport GSE In summary, LiFePO4 batteries offer numerous advantages that make them the ideal choice for airport ground support equipment:  Safety: LiFePO4 batteries are resistant to fire and explosion, providing higher level of safety in demanding environments. Long Cycle Life: With up to 4,000 charge cycles, these batteries have an exceptionally long lifespan, reducing long-term costs. High Capacity: LiFePO4 batteries have a high capacity, which simplifies system configurations and reduces the number of battery packs required. Energy Density: Despite their high safety and durability, LiFePO4 batteries maintain a competitive energy density. Thermal Stability: They can operate efficiently at temperatures up to 65°C, making them suitable for extreme environments. Environmental Friendliness: Free from toxic heavy metals, LiFePO4 batteries are a greener, more sustainable option. Stable Material Supply: Unlike

Electrification Takes Off: The Future of Airport Ground Support Equipment As the push for greener aviation gains momentum, driven by environmental initiatives and eco-friendly airport policies, the electrification of airport ground support equipment (GSE) is rapidly advancing. Airports are uniquely suited for electrification thanks to their controlled environments, predictable routes, low-speed operations, and manageable range requirements. These factors make GSE an ideal sector for electrification, a view shared by industry experts. With ongoing advancements in electrification technology and decreasing battery costs, airports and airlines are expected to adopt electric GSE at scale. The shift is already underway, signaling significant growth for this promising market. Bright Prospects for Electric GSE Airport GSE encompasses a wide variety of vehicles used within airport grounds, including passenger service vehicles, aircraft service equipment, runway maintenance vehicles, and emergency response vehicles – spanning over 20 different types. These vehicles require varying levels of power, typically ranging between 100-300 kWh. For instance, a compact VIP shuttle bus with a seating capacity of around 10 passengers generally needs about 110 kWh, sufficient for a full day of operation. Why LFP Batteries Lead the Way The transition from diesel to electric, and from lead-acid to lithium batteries, has revolutionized aiport GSE. However, one principle remains unchanged: safety is paramount. Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) batteries have emerged as the ideal choice for airport electrification due to their high safety profile. LFP batteries offer a proven track record in critical applications, ensuring safe operation, reliable charging, long cycle life, and excellent performance across a wide temperature range. Already, leading airport electric vehicle manufacturers like Yutong and Foton have adopted LFP batteries for their electric GSE, reinforcing their position as the preferred solution for this specialized market. A Promising New Frontier The electrification of airport GSE is poised for rapid expansion as the push for green aviation continues. The market is emerging as a promising new blue ocean, offering significant opportunities for innovation and growth in electrification. At Brogen, we provide customizable electrification solutions for airport GSE, including high-performance lithium batteries, motors, controllers, and integrated electric axles. Our solutions are tailored to meet the unique demands of this sector, delivering safety, reliability, and efficiency to support the transition to cleaner, greener airports. Contact us at contact@brogenevsolution.com Contact Us Get in touch with us by sending us an email, using the Whatsapp number below, or filling in the form below. We usually reply within 2 business days. Email: contact@brogenevsolution.com Respond within 1 business day Whatsapp: +8619352173376 Business hours: 9 am to 6 pm, GMT+8, Mon. to Fri. LinkedIn channel Follow us for regular updates > YouTube channel Ev systems introduction & industry insights > ContactFill in the form and we will get in touch with you within 2 business days.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form. Name * FirstLast Work Email *Company Name *Your Project Type *– Please select –Car, SUV, MPVBus, coach, trainLCV (pickup truck, light-duty truck, etc.)HCV (heavy-duty truck, tractor, trailer, concrete mixer, etc.)Construction machinery (excavator, forklift, crane, bulldozer, loader, etc.)Vessel, boat, ship, yacht, etc.Others (please write it in the note)Your Interested Solutions *– Please select –Motore-AxleBatteryChassisAuxiliary inverterOBC / DCDC / PDUAir brake compressorEPS / EHPS / SbW / eRCBBTMSOthers (please write it in the note)Do you have other contact info? (Whatsapp, Wechat, Skype, etc.)Please introduce your project and your request here. * Checkbox * I consent to receive updates on products and events from Brogen, and give consent based on Brogen’s Privacy Policy. Submit

The Best Batteries for Airport Ground Support Equipment: Choosing High-Performance GSE Electrification Solutions As airports transition toward sustainability and electrification, choosing the right batteries for ground support equipment (GSE) is crucial. From tow tractors and shuttle buses to baggage conveyors and forklifts, electrification helps reduce carbon emissions, improve energy efficiency, and enhance operational performance.  This guides explores key considerations for selecting airport GSE batteries, comparing battery types, voltage systems, and charging methods to meet the needs of modern airports. Why Lithium Batteries Are the Best Choice for Airport GSE Electrification Lithium-ion vs. Lead Acid Batteries While lead-acid batteries have historically been used in airport vehicles like baggage tractors, the industry has largely shifted to lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries due to their superior performance. Here’s a comparison: Feature Lead-Acid Batteries Lithium (LFP) Batteries Energy Density 30-45 Wh/kg 120-160 Wh/kg Charging Time 5-6 hours (0.2C rate) 1-2 hours (0.5-1C rate) Cold Weather Use Poor, with significant loss Good with insulation options Cycle Life 400-1000 cycles 2000-4000 cycles Maintenance High (e.g., water refills) Minimal (virtually maintenance-free) Environmental Impact Lead and acid pollution Green and eco-friendly Battery Management Limited or none Advanced Battery Management Systems (BMS) Lithium-ion vs. NCM Batteries: Why Safety Matters Airports require the highest safety standards, making lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries are the optimal choice over nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) batteries. Why LFP Batteries Are Safer? Thermal Stability: LFP batteries withstand temperatures up to 700-800°C before decomposition, compared to 200°C for NCM batteries, reducing fire risks. Proven Reliability: Widely used in electric buses, LFP batteries account for 98% of China’s electric bus market, demonstrating their safety and performance under demanding conditions. While NCM  batteries are favored for passenger cars due to their compact size and lightweight design, the safety and durability of LFP batteries make them better suited for electric ground support equipment. Key Advantages of Lithium Batteries for Airport GSE High Energy  Density: Delivers more power in a compact and lightweight degisn, optimizing vehicle performance. Longer Lifespan: Reduced replacement frequency translates to lower lifecycle costs. Superior Cold Weather Performance: Ideal for year-round operations, even in outdoor environments. Advanced BMS: Ensures safety, efficiency, and real-time monitoring. High Voltage Systems: Optimizing Efficiency for GSE Batteries When it comes to battery voltage, the choice between low-voltage (80V) and high-voltage (300V-600V) systems is critical. Why High Voltage (300V-600V) is Superior? Higher Efficiency: High-voltage systems minimize energy loss and improve operational efficiency. Enhanced Safety: Lithium batteries, with advanced BMS, support higher voltages safely. Scalability: High-voltage configurations, such as the 576V, meet the power demands of larger GSE. In constrast, lead-acid batteries are limited to 80V systems due to technical constraints, making them less efficient and impractical for modern GSE electrification needs. Charging Solutions for Airport Electric GSE Efficient charging is vital for electrified airport GSE. Here are the best practices for airport battery charging infrastructure: The optimal solution is distributed charging, conveniently located near parking spaces. Use standardized charging equipment (including charging voltage, protocols, and interfaces). Ensures “vehicles are compatible with all stations, and stations are compatible with all vehicles.” Distributed, near-parking charging is the best approach for airport electric ground support equipment due to the diverse range and unique designs of these vehicles. Battery-swapping is challenging and impractical for most airport GSE, making it unsuitable for this approach. Most airport GSE have limited range and are not designed for long-distance charging or swapping, making centralized charging facilities less ideal. Establishing 2-3 battery maintenance stations within the operational zone while receiving periodic battery inspections and maintenance. This is an excellent solution for maintaining battery health in newly constructed airports.  Choosing the Right Motor and Controller for GSE Airport GSE should use permanent magnet brushless motors paired with multi-in-one motor controllers.  Advantages of This Setup: High Motor Efficiency: Permanent magnets enhance efficiency and reliability. Integrated Controllers: Combining multiple controllers (e.g., for drive, hydraulic, and air systems) into a single unit improves compactness, reduces wiring complexity, and enhances reliability. Rugged Design: Water-cooled, IP67-rated controllers withstand harsh operating environments while maintaining electromagnetic compatibility. Conclusion: Powering the Future of Airport Operations Electrifying airport GSE with high-performance electric batteries like LFP systems is essential for achieving sustanability goals. By choosing the right battery type, voltage system, and charging solutions, airports can reduce carbon emissions, lower operating costs, and enhance equipment reliability.  For more insights on the best battery solutions for your airport’s ground support equipment, contact us to explore customized battery systems tailored to your needs. Learn more here: https://brogenevsolution.com/lithium-battery-pack-for-airport-gse/ Contact Us Get in touch with us by sending us an email, using the Whatsapp number below, or filling in the form below. We usually reply within 2 business days. Email: contact@brogenevsolution.com Respond within 1 business day Whatsapp: +8619352173376 Business hours: 9 am to 6 pm, GMT+8, Mon. to Fri. LinkedIn channel Follow us for regular updates > YouTube channel Ev systems introduction & industry insights > ContactFill in the form and we will get in touch with you within 2 business days.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form. Name * FirstLast Work Email *Company Name *Your Project Type *– Please select –Car, SUV, MPVBus, coach, trainLCV (pickup truck, light-duty truck, etc.)HCV (heavy-duty truck, tractor, trailer, concrete mixer, etc.)Construction machinery (excavator, forklift, crane, bulldozer, loader, etc.)Vessel, boat, ship, yacht, etc.Others (please write it in the note)Your Interested Solutions *– Please select –Motore-AxleBatteryChassisAuxiliary inverterOBC / DCDC / PDUAir brake compressorEPS / EHPS / SbW / eRCBBTMSOthers (please write it in the note)Do you have other contact info? (Whatsapp, Wechat, Skype, etc.)Please introduce your project and your request here. * Checkbox * I consent to receive updates on products and events from Brogen, and give consent based on Brogen’s Privacy Policy. Submit

Battery Electric Bus vs Hybrid Electric Bus vs Hydrogen Fuel Cell Bus: Comparison Today, in addition to traditional fuel-powered vehicles, buses powered entirely or primarily by alternative energy sources are gaining attention. There are three main types of new energy buses, classified by their power source: battery electric bus, plug-in hybrid electric bus, and hydrogen fuel cell bus. Plug-in Hybrid Electric Buses These buses combine a conventional fuel engine with electric components like motors, batteries, etc. They can charge their onboard energy storage devices from an external power source. Current operating models include two main types: gas-electric hybrids and diesel-electric hybrids. They can run in either electric-only mode or hybrid mode. In short-range trips, they operate in electric mode to save fuel and reduce emissions. For longer journeys, they switch to hybrid mode to extend range. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Buses Fuel cell buses generate electricity through a chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, which powers the bus. Unlike conventional electric vehicles that draw power from grid-charged batteries, fuel cell buses use hydrogen as the main fuel source, supplied through hydrogen refueling stations similar to gas or charging stations. With high energy density, zero emissions, and quick refueling, they offer a promising alternative to traditional engines. Battery Electric Buses Battery electric buses rely entirely on electric power, using a motor, battery, and controller. They produce zero emissions, run quietly, and minimize vibration, making them a popular choice among new energy buses today. Battery electric buses are further categorized by their charging methods: fast-charging plug-in buses, standard-charging plug-in buses, and battery-swapping buses. Fast-Charging Battery Electric Bus: These buses have a charging rate of 3C or above. they utilize high-power batteries (such as lithium titanate, multi-composite lithium, or lithium manganese batteries) to achieve high charge and discharge rates, enabling fast charging. Standard Plug-in Battery Electric Bus: These buses have a charging rate below 3C. Battery-Swapping Electric Bus: These buses have removable batteries that can be quickly swapped with fully charged battery packs using automated or semi-automated equipment, providing a fast energy supply for the vehicle. Comparative Analysis of Different Electric Bus Types Bus Type Pros Cons Fast-charging plug-in battery electric bus Short charging time; optimizes space and infrastructure usage at bus depots; smaller batteries are required, making the bus lighter Higher battery cost; increased power demand strains the grid and requires expensive infrastructure; energy costs can be high due to peak-hour charging Standard-charging plug-in battery electric bus Lower battery costs reduce financial pressure on fleet operators; can charge overnight during off-peak hours, cutting costs; slower charging is gentler on batteries and the grid Requires more space at depots due to a lower station-to-bus ratio; additional staff may be needed for overnight charging; larger batteries are needed to meet daily demands, which adds weight Battery-swapping electric bus Fast battery swaps, usually 7-8 minutes for four battery packs, allow for efficient recharging; centrailized battery management extends battery lifespan High battery costs; large space is needed to store charged and used batteries; charging multiple batteries at once can strain the grid Plug-in hybrid electric bus Easy to refuel with fuel or gas; economical due to reduced fuel consumption during start and acceleration Higher maintenance due to breakdowns; limited fuel-saving benefits in practice Hydrogen fuel cell bus Zero emissions using renewable hydrogen fuel Technology is still developing; building hydrogen refueling stations is costly When comparing these options based on cost-efficiency, space needs, grid demand, operational flexibility, and durability, the standard-charging plug-in electric bus stands out for its balanced performance across most categories, though it does require more depot space. Our Electrification Solution for Buses Regardless of the alternative energy path chosen by bus manufacturers, we provide advanced solutions to power their project, supporting carbon reduction goals and promoting sustainable green transportation. For the battery system for electric buses, we can provide complete and customized battery systems, incorporating battery packs, BMS with PDU, BTMS, and other components. We have designed the battery system for a Turkish bus manufacturer for their project. Learn more here: https://brogenevsolution.com/brogens-ev-battery-solution-powers-turkeys-battery-electric-bus-project/ For the e-powertrain system, we have the electric drive axles. They are designed to maximize vehicle layout efficiency, freeing up space for larger battery capacity and additional passenger room. They also enable a low-floor, single-step entry design, enhancing accessibility and passenger comfort. Business inquiry: contact@brogenevsolution.com Contact Us Get in touch with us by sending us an email, using the Whatsapp number below, or filling in the form below. We usually reply within 2 business days. Email: contact@brogenevsolution.com Respond within 1 business day Whatsapp: +8619352173376 Business hours: 9 am to 6 pm, GMT+8, Mon. to Fri. LinkedIn channel Follow us for regular updates > YouTube channel Ev systems introduction & industry insights > ContactFill in the form and we will get in touch with you within 2 business days.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form. Name * FirstLast Work Email *Company Name *Your Project Type *– Please select –Car, SUV, MPVBus, coach, trainLCV (pickup truck, light-duty truck, etc.)HCV (heavy-duty truck, tractor, trailer, concrete mixer, etc.)Construction machinery (excavator, forklift, crane, bulldozer, loader, etc.)Vessel, boat, ship, yacht, etc.Others (please write it in the note)Your Interested Solutions *– Please select –Motore-AxleBatteryChassisAuxiliary inverterOBC / DCDC / PDUAir brake compressorEPS / EHPS / SbW / eRCBBTMSOthers (please write it in the note)Do you have other contact info? (Whatsapp, Wechat, Skype, etc.)Please introduce your project and your request here. * Checkbox * I consent to receive updates on products and events from Brogen, and give consent based on Brogen’s Privacy Policy. Submit

Brogen EV Solution – Booth: 5.1 D43 We’re excited to announce our participation in Automechanika Shanghai 2024! This year, we’ll be showcasing our latest innovations for the EV industry, including the axial flux motor, distributed electric drive axles, high-voltage onboard charger, and auxiliary inverter. To connect with us in person, you can book a meeting using the form below. We’ll assign an expert to reach out in advance, understand your needs, share revelant documents, and arrange a face-to-face meeting in Shanghai! Can’t make it in person? Don’t worry! We’re happy to arrange an online meeting. Just provide your email below, and let’s explore how we can support your goals. Contact Us Schedule A Meeting With UsFill in the form and schedule a face-to-face meeting with us in Shanghai!Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form. Name * FirstLast Work Email *Company Name *Phone Number (optional)Your Project Type *– Please select –Car, SUV, MPVBus, coach, trainLCV (pickup truck, light-duty truck, etc.)HCV (heavy-duty truck, tractor, trailer, concrete mixer, etc.)Construction machinery (excavator, forklift, crane, bulldozer, loader, etc.)Vessel, boat, ship, yacht, etc.Others (please write it in the note)Your Interested Solutions *– Please select –Motore-AxleBatteryChassisAuxiliary inverterOBC / DCDC / PDUAir brake compressorEPS / EHPS / SbW / eRCBBTMSOthers (please write it in the note)Preferred Meeting Date & Time *2024/12/2 – 9 AM to 11 AM2024/12/2 – 11 AM to 1 PM2024/12/2 – 1 PM to 3 PM2024/12/2 – 3 PM to 5 PM2024/12/3 – 9 AM to 11 AM2024/12/3 – 11 AM to 1 PM2024/12/3 – 1 PM to 3 PM2024/12/3 – 3 PM to 5 PM2024/12/4 – 9 AM to 11 AM2024/12/4 – 11 AM to 1 PM2024/12/4 – 1 PM to 3 PM2024/12/4 – 3 PM to 5 PM2024/12/5 – 9 AM to 11 AM2024/12/5 – 11 AM to 1 PM2024/12/5 – 1 PM to 3 PMOnline MeetingAdditional Comments or Special Requests (optional) Checkbox * I consent to receive updates on products and events from Brogen, and give consent based on Brogen’s Privacy Policy. Submit Email: contact@brogenevsolution.com Respond within 1 business day Whatsapp: +8619352173376 Business hours: 9 am to 6 pm, GMT+8, Mon. to Fri. LinkedIn channel Follow us for regular updates > YouTube channel Ev systems introduction & industry insights >

Coaxial eAxle for Light Trucks: Technology Overview and Performance Analysis Traditional fuel-powered trucks reply on a complex drivetrain consisting of an engine, clutch, transmission, driveshaft, and axle. This setup is not only heavy but also has low transmission efficiency. Early electric trucks often adopted a “retrofit” approach, replacing the engine and transmission with a motor and reducer. However, this direct-drive solution was both costly and inefficient. With the growing understanding of electric truck design and the need to lower costs, reduce energy consumption, and lighten vehicle weight, the industry is shifting toward integrated electric drivetrains. Today, many small and light-duty electric trucks are equipped with a coaxial eAxle. A coaxial eAxle integrates the motor, planetary reducer, differential, and axle housing into a single, compact unit, significantly shortening the drivetrain, reducing parts, and simplifying structure. This system offers traction, braking, and efficient energy conversion while ensuring higher transmission efficiency than direct-drive systems. It also features automatic transmission and regenerative braking, which help extend driving range by recovering energy. Advantages of Brogen Coaxial Drive eAxle Over Central Motor Direct-Drive At Brogen, we provide coaxial drive eAxles, suitable for electric light duty trucks. They have the following advantages: Structural Efficiency:The coaxial drive eAxle combines the motor, planetary reducer, differential, and axle housing in one integrated unit, creating a short drivetrain with fewer parts and a simpler structure. In contrast, the direct-drive approach requires separate motor, reducer, driveshaft, and axle assemblies, resulting in a longer, more complex drivetrain. Space Efficiency: The coaxial design is highly integrated, freeing up valuable chassis space and simplifying the assembly process. Direct-drive systems, on the other hand, require space for multiple components, complicating the overall vehicle layout. Energy Efficiency: With a direct-drive and planetary reduction transmission, the coaxial eAxle achieves an overall transmission efficiency of ≥94%, while traditional direct-drive systems fall below 90% due to a longer drivetrain and additional components. Transmission Process: In the coaxial system, power from the battery drives the motor shaft, which in turn powers the differential and planetary reducer to move the wheels. Direct-drive systems use the motor torque to drive a longer sequence of parts, resulting in lower efficiency. Weight Advantage: Coaxial drive axles are 10-25% lighter than direct-drive systems, reducing energy consumption, increasing motor speed capacity, and offering a higher power density, which extends range. Direct-drive systems are bulkier and lower in power density. Technical Superiority: Coaxial eAxles support a high level of regenerative braking and align with future trends in drivetrain integration. Direct-drive systems, by contrast, offer lower levels of integration and energy recovery. Maintenance Benefits: Coaxial drive eAxles have fewer components, which simplifies maintenance and reduces lifecycle costs. Direct-drive systems, with more parts, tend to have more complex maintenance requirements. In sum, the coaxial electric drive axle offers a highly integrated, efficient, and cost-effective solution for electric light trucks, aligning well with the industry’s movement towards compact, high-performance e-powertrains that maximize both range and durability. Discover our e-axle solutions here: https://brogenevsolution.com/electric-axle-system/ Contact Us Get in touch with us by sending us an email, using the Whatsapp number below, or filling in the form below. We usually reply within 2 business days. Email: contact@brogenevsolution.com Respond within 1 business day Whatsapp: +8619352173376 Business hours: 9 am to 6 pm, GMT+8, Mon. to Fri. LinkedIn channel Follow us for regular updates > YouTube channel Ev systems introduction & industry insights > ContactFill in the form and we will get in touch with you within 2 business days.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form.Please enable JavaScript in your browser to complete this form. Name * FirstLast Work Email *Company Name *Your Project Type *– Please select –Car, SUV, MPVBus, coach, trainLCV (pickup truck, light-duty truck, etc.)HCV (heavy-duty truck, tractor, trailer, concrete mixer, etc.)Construction machinery (excavator, forklift, crane, bulldozer, loader, etc.)Vessel, boat, ship, yacht, etc.Others (please write it in the note)Your Interested Solutions *– Please select –Motore-AxleBatteryChassisAuxiliary inverterOBC / DCDC / PDUAir brake compressorEPS / EHPS / SbW / eRCBBTMSOthers (please write it in the note)Do you have other contact info? (Whatsapp, Wechat, Skype, etc.)Please introduce your project and your request here. * Checkbox * I consent to receive updates on products and events from Brogen, and give consent based on Brogen’s Privacy Policy. Submit

Understanding Electric Power Steering Solutions: Types and Key Differences The power steering system is a crucial component of a vehicle, serving as an important connection between the driver and the car. It has evolved alongside the overall development of vehicles and the emergence of new technologies. Initially, there was mechanical steering, followed by hydraulic power steering systems (HPS), electro-hydraulic power steering systems (EHPS), electric power steering systems (EPS), and now the latest steer-by-wire (SBW) technology. Depending on the location of the assist motor, electric power steering systems (EPS) are classified into C-EPS, P-EPS, DP-EPS, and R-EPS. Each type has its own unique functional and performance characteristics. Different Types of Electric Power Steering Systems 1. Column Assist Type Electric Power Steering (C-EPS) Motor placement: the motor and reduction gears are mounted on the steering column. The motor’s torque works together with the driver’s input to rotate the steering column, which then transmits force through the intermediate shaft and pinion to the rack, providing steering assistance. Applicable vehicle types: particularly suitable for compact vehicles that do not require excessive assistance. Structural characteristics: compact design, easy installation, and minimal required installation space. Driving experience: lightweight steering at low speeds, stable handling at high speeds, and excellent self-centering performance. Additional features: equipped with self-diagnosis and safety control functions, highly adaptable, allowing for customization of electric power steering columns and controllers based on different vehicle models. 2. Pinion Assist Type Electric Power Steering (P-EPS) Motor placement: the motor provides assistance directly to the pinion of the rack-and-pinion steering system, combining the precise adjustability of electric power steering with the strong road feedback typical of hydraulic power steering. System performance: equipped with a waterproof, compact, lightweight, high-performance integrated motor-ECU unit, the system delivers high rigidity and excellent dynamic steering performance. Structural characteristics: the compact, integrated housing structure enhances the precision of component manufacturing and improves overall product reliability. Cost: P-EPS is more expensive compared to C-EPS. 3. Dual-Pinion Assist Type Electric Power Steering (DP-EPS) Motor placement: an additional assist motor is placed on another part of the rack, applying steering force to the tie rod via a pinion. Together with the pinion on the intermediate shaft and tie rod, this forms a dual pinion structure. Applicable vehicle types: suitable for mid-size SUVs, large SUVs, MPVs, pickups, and other passenger vehicles, meeting the requirements for ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems). Performance advantages: the servo motor only operates when steering assistance is needed, reducing fuel consumption by 3-5%. It complies with ISO 26262 functional safety standards at the ASIL D level. The system is designed with high robustness to handle complex driving conditions, with high steering precision to support driving assistance at high speeds. Redundant design: the fully redundant DP-EPS system includes redundancy in power supply, communication, sensors, electronic control, and motor output, significantly enhancing the reliability and safety of the system. 4. Rack Assist Type Electric Power Steering (R-EPS) Motor placement: the motor typically applies force to the rack through a timing belt or ball screw. In some configurations, a coaxial motor directly provides assistance via a roller screw. Structural characteristics: the structure is relatively compact, making it suitable for scenarios where front axle loads are increasing and the steering system is positioned farther from the driver. Driving experience: it offers an enhanced steering feel and higher efficiency, making it more suitable for premium vehicles. Performance advantages: with a finely tuned steering feel and excellent NVH performance, it fully meets the steering needs of vehicles ranging from mid-size sedans to luxury MPVs. It also supports Level 2+ autonomous driving, including features like Lane Keep Assist (LKA), Automated Parking Assist (APA), and Remote Control Steering (RCS). Safety: the entire product platform is developed following ISO 26262 processes, ensuring functional safety at ASIL-D level. Key Differences of Electric Power Steering Systems After gaining a basic understanding of the different EPS structures, let’s take a look at the performance differences and suitable applications for each type: 1. Assist Effect and Applicable Vehicle Types EPS Type Maximum Assist Force Applicable Vehicle Types C-EPS 11 kN Compact cars, small SUVs P-EPS 12 kN Midsize cars, SUVs DP-EPS 13 kN Midsize/large SUVs, MPVs, pickups R-EPS 16 kN Luxury cars, large SUVs, performance vehicles C-EPS, with its compact structure, is typically used for vehicles that require moderate steering assistance. P-EPS, by applying assist force to the pinion, provides stronger assistance and is suitable for heavier vehicles. DP-EPS, with its dual-pinion design, offers even greater assist force to meet the needs of larger vehicles. R-EPS generally delivers the strongest assist, making it ideal for luxury and performance vehicles. 2. Energy Consumption and Efficiency by EPS Type EPS Type Energy Consumption Efficiency C-EPS Low Moderate P-EPS Moderate Relatively High DP-EPS Moderate to High High R-EPS High (operates only when needed) Very High While DP-EPS and R-EPS have relatively higher energy consumption, their servo motors only operate when steering assistance is required, effectively reducing fuel consumption in real-world use. Additionally, these systems generally exhibit higher efficiency, converting electrical energy into steering assistance more effectively. 3. Response Speed and Precision by EPS Type EPS Type Response Speed Precision C-EPS Moderate Moderate P-EPS Relatively Fast High DP-EPS Fast High R-EPS Very Fast Very High R-EPS typically exhibits the fastest response speed and highest precision, thanks to its advanced control algorithms and precise mechanical structure. DP-EPS also performs well, while C-EPS and P-EPS are comparatively slower and less precise. 4. Noise Levels and NVH Performance by EPS Type EPS Type Noise Level NVH Performance C-EPS Moderate Moderate P-EPS Lower High DP-EPS Very Low High R-EPS Very Low Very High Among these types, only C-EPS has the motor located in the passenger cabin, making it the noisiest and has the worst NVH experience. In contrast, P-EPS, DP-EPS, and R-EPS have their motors in the front compartment, resulting in better noise performance. Additionally, R-EPS benefits from its force transmission structure, offering the best NVH performance. 5. Redundancy Design and Safety by EPS Type EPS Type Redundancy Design Safety Level C-EPS Minimal

Electric Heavy-Duty Truck Design: Which E-Powertrain is Better? At Brogen, we’ve spent a lot of time developing electric axle systems for commercial vehicles, particularly in heavy-duty applications like semi-trucks, tractors, and trailers. In this article, we’ll explore different electric powertrain systems, compare solutions, and discuss the pros and cons of each. 1. Types of E-Powertrain Systems Electric powertrain systems for heavy-duty vehicles can be categorized into three main configurations based on motor layout: Central Direct Drive: Direct drive motor Electric Drive Axles: Parallel-Axis E-Axle Coaxial E-Axle Vertical-axis E-Axle Distributed Drive Systems  Wheel-End Drive Wheel-Hub Drive Each system offers unique advantages, and we’ll explore them in more detail below. But first, let’s look at some broader trends driving innovation in e-powertrain systems. 2. Key Trends in E-Powertrain Systems 2.1 Increasing Integration of E-Powertrain Systems More and more, motors, gearboxes, controllers, and other key components are being integrated into compact units. This not only reduces weight and space but also improves overall system efficiency and reliability. For example, our 360 kW drive assembly integrates the motor and gearbox into a single unit, which optimizes the layout for heavy-duty trucks and saves valuable space. Similarly, our 360 kW electric axle for heavy commercial vehicles combines the drive system, transmission, braking, and other key components into a compact, efficient assembly. Brogen 360 kW drive assembly for 40-ton to 90-ton HCV Brogen 360 kW E-axle for 4×2/6×2/6×4/8×4 HCV 2.2 Adoption of Dual-Motor E-Powertrain Systems Dual-motor setups are becoming increasingly popular, especially in high-end and specialized trucks. These systems offer better power distribution, improved energy efficiency, and enhanced performance for heavy loads. Our dual-motor drive assembly is a prime example, delivering continuous power during demanding conditions, such as hill climbs, while maximizing operational efficiency. Brogen Dual-Motor Drive Assembly for 55-180T HCV Brogen Dual-Motor 360 kW E-axle for 4×2/6×2/6×4/8×4 HCV 3. Central Direct Drive Systems: A Cost-Effective E-Powertrain Solution Central Direct Drive System Architecture Central Direct Drive System Examples Central direct drive systems are primarily used to convert traditional fuel-powered trucks into electric vehicles. In this configuration, the engine is replaced with an electric motor, along with an electric drive unit (EDU), battery packs, and other key components. The original chassis remains largely unchanged, making this solution adaptable for a wide range of commercial vehicles. Pros: Cost-Effective & Quick to Market: This is the most economical and fastest way to electrify existing vehicle platforms without extensive redesigns. Ease of Conversion: Many manufacturers opt for this approach as it allows them to enter the EV market without the significant financial and time investments required for developing a new platform. Cons: Limited Battery Space: Since the original chassis isn’t significantly altered, space for battery packs is restricted, which limits driving range and affects battery cooling system layout. Compromised Handling & Comfort: Converted models often have poor weight distribution, leading to increased braking distances and reduced driving comfort. Central direct drive systems are commonly used in short-distance transportation scenarios, such as ports, steel mills, power plants, and mines. They are less suited for medium- or long-distance travel. 4. Electric Drive Axles: Optimizing Space & Efficiency In contrast, electric drive axles (e-axles) eliminate the need for a drive shaft, reducing vehicle weight and improving system efficiency. E-axles also allow for better space optimization for battery packs, increasing driving range and better overall efficiency. Among the different types of electric drive axles, three main configurations stand out: parallel-axis, coaxial, and vertical-axis. Each configuration offers distinct advantages and challenges, making them suitable for various vehicle types and operational needs. 4.1 Parallel-Axis E-Axle Parallel-Axis E-Axle System Architecture Brogen Parallel-Axis E-Axle The parallel-axis electric drive axle is currently the most widely adopted configuration for electric axles in the market. In this system, the motor is positioned parallel to the axle, and the motor, drive axle, and AMT are integrated into a single unit. This design eliminates the need for a drive shaft, reducing overall system weight and improving transmission efficiency. Additionally, this configuration uses helical gears, which significantly enhance reverse braking capability—from the typical 30% to an impressive 100%. By removing traditional components such as the universal drive shaft, reducer, and suspension brackets, installation costs are significantly reduced compared to central direct drive systems. This compact design also saves weight and space, allowing for better battery placement and increased driving range. However, there are drawbacks. The large unsprung weight of the system, combined with its offset configuration, can negatively impact the vehicle’s handling, especially in heavy-duty applications. 4.2 Coaxial Electric Drive Axle Coaxial Electric Drive Axle Architecture Brogen Coaxial E-Axle The coaxial electric drive axle features a motor aligned directly with the axle housing. This configuration creates a more compact and concentrated power system, which optimizes the vehicle’s overall chassis layout. Due to its efficient space utilization, coaxial e-axles are ideal for smaller commercial vehicles like light vans and trucks weighing under 4.5 tons. However, their compact nature and lower power density make them unsuitable for heavy-duty vehicles, which require more robust power systems. 4.3 Vertical Axis Electric Drive Axle Vertical Axis Electric Drive Axle Architecture In the vertical axis electric drive axle, the motor is connected to the drive axle at a perpendicular angle. This setup offers some key advantages, such as lower installation costs and the efficient use of longitudinal space, which allows for better battery pack arrangement. Despite these benefits, there are significant trade-offs. The vertical axis design has lower transmission efficiency compared to parallel-axis e-axles, and its system power density is not as high. Additionally, the use of hypoid gears for speed reduction results in a smaller speed ratio and poorer performance in NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness). As a result, this configuration is more commonly used in medium- and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. 5. Distributed Drive Systems As electric vehicles continue to evolve, distributed drive systems are emerging as a powerful alternative to traditional powertrains. Distributed drive systems can be divided into two main types: wheel-end drive and wheel-hub drive. Each of these technologies offers distinct advantages, as well as unique challenges,

4 Motors With 1000 HP for Electric Heavy Trucks? Our Electric Truck Axle May Exceed Your Expectations The semi-truck shown here is a battery-swapping electric tractor equipped with our 360 kW electric truck axles. It features two rear electric drive axles, each e-axle housing two motors, delivering 180 kW of peak power per motor. Together, they generate a total of 720 kW, nearly 1000 horsepower. And there’s even more beneath the surface. Our electric axle integrates the motors, along with key components such as the speed reducer and differential gear, directly into the rear axle. The total weight of the electric axle is 950 kg, with each axle capable of delivering up to 50,000 N.m of torque, ensuring abundant power for heavy-duty operations. One of the unique features of this e-axle is its distributed drive system. This means that each motor operates independently, providing added safety redundancy—if one motor fails, the other can continue to function normally. There are additional benefits as well. To improve efficiency, the vehicle’s design allows for both motors to work simultaneously or to alternate between them. When the truck is unloaded, only a minimal amount of power is used, as the motors take turns powering the vehicle. During start-up or climbing, both motors can work together, delivering maximum power. This cooperative strategy is coordinated with the vehicle’s overall control system. For fully electric trucks carrying heavy loads, alternating between the two motors helps prevent overheating, keeping both motors within their optimal operating range. This not only enhances reliability but also enables the motors to work together to deliver ideal power and torque when high demand is required. For example, the maximum torque output of our single electric axle reaches an impressive 50,000 N.m, an extraordinary figure for a heavy-duty tractor. We all know that traditional motor layouts are often limited by space and require numerous components. In contrast, the integrated design of our electric axle, with its compact central structure, reduces the number of parts needed. For example, our e-axle weighs 950 kg, contributing to a vehicle weight reduction of 300 kg. The highly integrated design also frees up valuable chassis space in electric trucks, a critical factor given the current focus on maximizing battery capacity for longer range. This central, compact electric axle allows for more or larger battery packs, improving range. It is also compatible with a variety of suspension systems, including air suspensions and multi-leaf springs, making it adaptable to different truck platforms. By integrating the entire axle assembly into the chassis, and using a highly compact dual-motor design, we’ve reduced the number of parts in the drivetrain, leading to higher transmission efficiency and more effective regenerative braking—both of which contribute to extending the vehicle’s range. This central, integrated electric axle not only offers higher reliability but also benefits from reduced weight, increased chassis space, and higher transmission efficiency. With the rise of hydrogen fuel cell systems, which require even more chassis space than pure electric trucks, this axle design is undoubtedly poised to become the mainstream choice, offering tremendous market potential in the future.